Temperature insensitivity polarization-controlled orbital angular momentum mode converter based on an LPFG induced in four-mode fiber

Abstract

We propose a novel method for generating ±1-order orbital angular momentum (OAM) in long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) by adjusting a polarization controller (PC). An LPFG, inscribed in a four-mode fiber (4MF) using a CO2 laser, was used to generate OAM±1 across a broad range of wavelengths from 1530 nm to 1630 nm. Additionally, the OAM vortex phase remained stable while the temperature increased from 23° C to 50° C. The LPFG, as a temperature sensor, and its temperature sensitivity was measured to be 38.6 ± 0.37 pm/° C at the resonant wavelength of 1625 nm. This design offers simple fabrication and several properties which are highly beneficial for all-fiber optical communications based on the OAM mode-division multiplexing technique.