Determinants of Social Exclusion Phenomenon: The Economic Dimensions

Abstract

This study aims to identify the determinants of social exclusion phenomenon, particularly those related to the economic dimension. This study also examines the influence of spiritual capital, i.e., the new variable introduced in the social exclusion model. According to Islam, the spiritual aspect influences the lives of individuals including economic matters. This study used an online survey based on random sampling technique. The 387 respondents were recipients of monthly financial assistance from the Department of Social Welfare and state level zakat centers within the central region of Malaysia. The primary data were analyzed using a logistic regression model. The results indicate that lack of skill, poor health, low spiritual capital level, the status of people with disabilities and former convicts are significantly associated with the risk of social exclusion based on the economic dimensions. The findings could provide useful information to policy makers in improving policy, action plans and strategies related to community economic empowerment. This is important in mitigating social exclusion and promoting social inclusion.