Gravitational waves from color restoration in a leptoquark model of radiative neutrino masses

Abstract

We study the first-order phase transitions and the emerging stochastic gravitational wave spectrum in a minimal leptoquark extension of the Standard Model that explains active neutrino oscillation data, while satisfying current flavor physics constraints. This model exhibits diverse phase transition patterns, including color symmetry-breaking scenarios in the early Universe. Strong correlations between model parameters and gravitational-wave signals yield testable predictions for future experiments such as LISA, BBO, and DECIGO. Specifically, a detectable signal in the mHz-0.1 Hz frequency range features color-restoration and leptoquark masses near 1.5 TeV. With this article, we also present the first application in the literature of Dratopi. This is a soon-to-be-released tool for phase transition analysis using the dimensional reduction formalism, that interfaces the DRalgo package with Python and a slightly modified version of CosmoTransitions.