Lifestyle Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): A Systematic Review

Abstract

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is characterized by abnormal gastric reflux into the esophagus at least once a week leading to heartburn and acid regurgitation which consequent greater burden on healthcare systems. With the recognition of the side effects of the long-term use of PPIs, as nondrug methods and first–line treatments, diet and lifestyle modifications are receiving increasing attention due to their importance in the prevention and treatment of GERD. In this article, we reviewed and analyzed the current literature to elucidate which dietary and lifestyle factors are associated with GERD, provide specific and informative dietary and lifestyle recommendations for patients, and provide information for follow-up studies. We also attempt to elucidate the dietary and lifestyle differences associated with GERD. Although evidence is still lacking to support the routine use of non-pharmacological management, the non-invasive nature and minimal potential side effects of these therapies may be attractive in the management of GERD. To confirm the clinical efficacy of these non-pharmacological approaches, better-conducted, methodologically rigorous, and large-scale clinical trials are needed.