The Influence of Positivism on the Teaching of Mathematics in Brazil: 1870-1930

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Abstract

This article describes the strong influence of positivism on the teaching of mathematics in Brazil. The dissemination of positivism occurred in a very intensive way from 1870 to 1930, due mainly to the strong leadership of teachers at the military and engineering academies. From its firmly entrenched position in these institutions, the positivistic ideology affected the social, political, pedagogical, and ideological life in Brazil. Here, I identify the main representatives of positivism, who focused their research on Auguste Comte's concept of mathematics. They oriented curricula and programs according to Comte's principles as well as produced mathematics with a distinct positivist bent. Although a marked decline occurred after 1930, the positivistic phenomenon was not exhausted as a research topic, and, indeed, it still has not been entirely extinguished in Brazilian life. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. Este trabalho descreve a forte influência do positivismo no ensino da Matemática no Brasil. A difusão do positivismo aconteceu de forma muita intensa entre 1870 e 1930, devido principalmente a atuação dos docentes-militares, que mantinham uma liderança forte nas academias militares e de engenharia. Nestas instituições a ideologia positivista encontrou uma forte sustentação e pode, então, ter efeitos na vida social, política, pedagógica e ideológica brasileira. Identificamos os principais representantes do positivismo no círculo acadêmico. Detectamos as primeiras manifestações da concepção de Matemática de Auguste Comte em livros-texto. Identificamos a orientação de currículos e programas segundo os preceitos de Comte e analisamos principalmente as obras de Matemática de autores positivistas. O declínio do positivismos depois de 1930 também é registrado. O fenômeno positivismo não foi esgotado como tema de pesquisa e tudo indica que ainda não se extinguiu completamente da vida brasileira. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. MSC 1991 subject classifications: 01A55, 01A70. © 1999 Academic Press.

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APA

Silva Da Silva, C. M. (1999). The Influence of Positivism on the Teaching of Mathematics in Brazil: 1870-1930. Historia Mathematica, 26(4), 327–343. https://doi.org/10.1006/hmat.1999.2251

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