The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Smart and Precision Agriculture

Abstract

In recent years, the agricultural sector has been undergoing a new "green revolution" characterized by the increasing use of information and communication technology (ICT) and the transition from traditional farming methods to smart agricultural practices, also known as Agriculture 4.0. Robotics, combined with the use of drones, the emerging field of the Internet of Things (IoT), machine learning, and artificial intelligence, are now being deployed in digital transformation services in agriculture, aiming to optimize crop performance and agricultural sustainability. According to research and international literature, the new trends are now oriented towards the development of global and state-of-the-art connected agricultural systems through digital management platforms, with the goal of facilitating the flow of data and information. Although many efforts are being made to implement smart agriculture, there are still challenges that require further research.