Studies on mangrove diversity of India with special reference to Lothian Island Wildlife Sanctuary

Abstract

Mangroves are extremely important bio-resources that are crucial to coastal environment. Indian mangrove vegetation covers about 6,756 sq. km. Along the 7516.6 km long coast line, including island territories. Estimates of the number of species considered, mangroves in the world ranges from 50-90, and in India from 50-60. Mangroves are declining rapidly as they are getting degraded for agriculture, aquaculture, tourism, urban development and over exploitation. India lost 40% of its mangrove area during the last century. The present work is focused on assessing the status of mangrove area in India with special reference to the Lothian Island Wildlife Sanctuary in Sundarbans. Total 30 species were collected during the field visits. Among them 16 species are major mangroves and 14 are mangrove associates. Effective governance structures, better planning for rehabilitation of degraded mangroves, education and awareness building in local communities are needed to conserve, protect and restore the valuable mangrove wetland ecosystems.