Review of Coir Pith as Agro‐industrial Waste: Environmental Challenges and Management Approaches

Abstract

Coir pith, a major byproduct of the coconut processing industry, has traditionally been considered a low-value waste due to its high lignin content and imbalanced carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio. These properties make it highly resistant to microbial degradation, leading to prolonged accumulation, methane emissions and toxic leachate generation. However, recognizing these environmental challenges, innovative recycling technologies have emerged to transform coir pith into a valuable agricultural resource, turning waste into opportunity for sustainable farming. A significant breakthrough in this field is NOVCOM composting technology, which overcomes the limitations of conventional methods by optimizing aerobic conditions through controlled aeration, precise temperature regulation, and targeted microbial inoculation. This approach accelerates the breakdown of lignocellulosic material, effectively lowering the C:N ratio and ensuring rapid stabilization of organic matter. By doing so, NOVCOM composting  technology not only significantly reduces methane emission- a major contributor to climate change- but also enhances the quality of the quality of final compost, making it a more effective soil amendment. Complementing this innovation is Inhana Rational Farming Technology, a nature friendly sustainable farming system that integrates soil and plant health management to revitalize the soil ecosystem.  This holistic approach enhances nutrient cycling, boosts microbial activity, and supports long-term Agricultural sustainability. Field trials conducted under the IBM-IORF Sustainability Project have demonstrated that combining NOVCOM composting technology with Inhana’s methodologies not only shortens the composting cycle but also rejuvenate soil vitality towards long term sustainability, ensuring resilient crop production. Together, these technologies create a robust model for a circular bio-economy, transforming coir pith waste into a high-value agricultural input. This integrated strategy not only mitigates the environmental footprint of coir pith through greenhouse gas reduction and land restoration but also strengthens food security and foster a sustainable regenerative agricultural system.