Attachment and Personality Disorders: A Short Review

Abstract

Berkeley proposed that space is perceived in terms of ef- fort. Consistent with his proposal, the present studies show that per- ceived egocentric distance increases when people are encumbered by wearing a heavy backpack or have completed a visual-motor adapta- tion that reduces the anticipated optic flow coinciding with walking ef- fort. In accord with Berkeley’s proposal and Gibson’s theory of affordances, these studies show that the perception of spatial layout is influenced by locomotor effort.