Clinical, Hematological and Biochemical Manifestations Among Dengue Patients of Lahore Region

Abstract

The aim of this study was to develop a criteria on the basis of impact of dengue infection on various clinical, hematological and biochemical parameters in dengue patients for the quick diagnosis and detection of dengue stage for the proper treatment of infection. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore and Jinnah Hospital Lahore (JHL) from January to December 2013. Total 345 clinically suspected patients reporting to JHL were serologically diagnosed for dengue specific antigen and antibodies. In this study 20 patients of febrile illness other than Dengue (OFI), were selected as control. The frequency of various clinical features and alterations in hematological and biochemical parameters were assessed for both cases and controls. Total 108 (31.3%) patients were serologically confirmed for dengue infection. Seropositive 108 cases were classified as classical DF 81(75%), DHF 22(20.4%) and DSS 5 (4.6%). Mean age was 32.3±12.4 years, which comprises of male 80 (74%) and female 28 (25.9%). Common symptoms for dengue were fever and headache (100%), arthralgia (82%), myalgia (80.5%), retro-orbital pain (68.5%), bleeding tendencies (38%), rash (51%) and vomiting (48%). Thrombocytopenia (90%), leukopenia (62.5%), elevated transaminases (ALT 56.5% and AST 70.5%), hyponatremia (51.8%), hypokalemia (40.7%) and hypocalcemia (81.4%) was recorded among dengue patient. It was concluded that bleeding tendencies, retro-orbital pain, rash and vomiting were more frequent in DHF and DSS cases. Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, deranged hematocrit, raised transaminases, urea and creatinine levels and decreased serum levels of albumin, cholesterol, sodium, potassium and calcium were commonly associated with severe form of disease.