YOU SAY GOODBYE, AND I SAY HELLO: THE GIANT ANTEATER (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) ACTIVITY PATTERN IN RESPONSE TO VTEMPERATURE AND HUMAN PRESENCE

Abstract

Mammals modulate patterns of activity and habitat use in response to local biotic and abiotic factors. The giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) presents cathemeral activity. That is, it adjusts to the daily temperature conditions in a protected area in Central Brazil. We tested the hypothesis that giant anteater may be avoiding the extreme temperatures of the Brazilian Cerrado displaying more significant twilight activity (milder hours), avoiding being exposed during unfavorable hours of the day, and losing or overheating. We also tested whether the anteaters avoid being active during the day, reducing encounters with humans. The protected area is inserted in a highly disturbed landscape, experiencing anthropic pressure within and around it. The description of the giant anteater’s activity pattern in the protection area was carried out by analyzing photos obtained by camera traps from March to June 2018. The average temperature was 19.3 °C during the study period, ranging from 6.7 °C to 31.5 °C. The giant anteater showed a pattern of nocturnal and twilight activity, while humans showed exclusively daytime activity. The dissimilarity observed between the giant anteater’s activity pattern and human activity supports the hypothesis that there is an influence of the risk of predation on the temporal activity of this species. We recorded several invasions of humans and dogs in restricted areas during the day. These results show the influence of anthropogenic factors on the anteater’s behavior in the study area. However, this pattern can be favorable to the conservation of the population by reducing the likelihood of agonistic encounters with humans and dogs. We recommend long-term studies and evaluation of temporal overlap with dogs to better understand the patterns observed.