Aerodynamic Performance Investigation of a Biomimetic-Based Small-Scale Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine: An Experimental Analysis

Abstract

As the demand for power increases, installing small-scale wind turbines can be an alternative solution. However, the main challenge for their implementation is the aerodynamic noise. With a view to minimizing noise, this study focuses on the performance investigation of a small-scale horizontal-axis wind turbine with NACA 4412 blades inspired by humpback whale flippers (trailing-edge tubercles and inward dimples). Wind turbines with conventional NACA 4412 blades and modified biomimetic NACA 4412 blades were tested in six angles of attack (AOAs) between wind speeds of 4 and 11 m/s. The cut in speed was less for the modified bladed wind turbine and delivered higher rotational speed than the conventional one. The wind turbine equipped with the modified blade produced a power output of 14.98 W at a wind speed of 8.8 m/s, surpassing the 13.72 W, generated by the conventional bladed turbine. At 30° AOA, the power coefficient of the modified bladed turbine was 56.43% higher, and the sound pressure level was 2.99% lower. Hence, the redesigned biomimetic NACA 4412 bladed design improves wind turbine efficiency and results in noise reduction, potentially enabling more sustainable wind energy options.