Updates on placental studies in bitches

Abstract

The placenta, despite being a temporary organ, is essential for the development and survival of the conceptus. During pregnancy, it performs essential functions, such as nutrition, protection, circulation, excretion, and secretion. Studies in humans already detail placental measurements, associating them with perinatal outcomes and diseases in adult life. However, in dogs, these studies are still limited. Therefore, this research aimed to review and unify the main studies already published on the evaluation of the placenta in bitches. Although, several forms of placental assessment have been described, more studies on this topic, whether macroscopic or microscopic, are needed to optimize and prioritize immediate and long-term clinical research into the condition of the placenta and its influence on canine neonates.