Salvage therapy with177Lu-octreotate in patients with bronchial and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

Abstract

Regular therapy with the radiolabeled somatostatin analog 177Lu-octreotate (22.2-29.6 GBq) in patients with gastroenteropancreatic or bronchial neuroendocrine tumors results in tumor remission in 46% of patients, including minor response. We present the effects of additional therapy with 177Lu-octreotate in patients in whom progressive disease developed after an initial benefit from regular therapy. Methods: Thirty-three patients with progressive disease after an initial radiologic or clinical response were treated with additional cycles of 177Lu-octreotate. The intended cumulative dose of additional therapy was 14.8 GBq in 2 cycles. Responses were evaluated using Southwest Oncology Group criteria, including minor response (tumor size reduction of ≥25% and <50%). Results: Median time to progression (TTP) after regular therapy was 27 mo. In 4 patients, the intended cumulative dose was not achieved (2 had progressive disease, 2 had long-lasting thrombocytopenia). Hematologic toxicity grade 3 was observed in 4 patients, and grade 4, in 1. The median follow-up time was 16 mo (range, 1-40 mo). No kidney failure or myelodysplastic syndrome was observed. Renewed tumor regression was observed in 8 patients (2 partial remission, 6 minor response), and 8 patients had stable disease. Median TTP was 17 mo. Treatment outcome was less favorable in patients with a short TTP after regular cycles. Treatment effects in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors were similar to those in patients with other gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Conclusion: Most patients tolerated additional cycles with 177Lu-octreotate well. None developed serious delayed adverse events. Additional cycles with 177Luoctreotate can have antitumor effects, but effects were less than for the regular cycles. This may be because of a worse clinical condition, more extensive tumor burden, or changed tumor characteristics. We conclude that this salvage therapy can be effective and is safe. Copyright © 2010 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine, Inc.