Outpatient encounters, continuity of care, and unplanned hospital care for children and young people with cerebral palsy

Abstract

Aim: To describe the relationships between outpatient encounters, continuity of care, and unplanned hospital care in children/young people with cerebral palsy (CP). Method: In this population-based data-linkage cohort study we included children/young people with CP identified in the New South Wales/Australian Capital Territory CP Register (birth years 1994–2018). We measured the frequency of outpatient encounters and unplanned hospital care, defined as presentations to emergency departments and/or urgent hospital admissions (2015–2020). Continuity of outpatient care was measured using the Usual Provider of Care Index (UPCI). Results: Of 3267 children/young people with CP, most (n = 2738, 83.8%, 57.6% male) had one or more outpatient encounters (123 463 total encounters, median six outpatient encounters per year during childhood). High UPCI was more common in children/young people with mild CP (Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I–III, with no epilepsy or no intellectual disability), residing in metropolitan and areas of least socioeconomic disadvantage. Low UPCI was associated with four or more emergency department presentations (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.34; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.71–3.19) and one or more urgent hospital admissions (aOR 2.02; 95% CI 1.57–2.61). Interpretation: Children/young people with CP require frequent outpatient services. Improving continuity of care, particularly for those residing in regional/remote areas, may decrease need for unplanned hospital care. What this paper adds: Many children with cerebral palsy use multiple and frequent outpatient services. Better continuity of care is associated with living in metropolitan and less socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. Outpatient service utilization reduces at the time of transition to adult services. High outpatient utilization is associated with unplanned hospital care. Decreased continuity of care is associated with unplanned hospital care.