Changes in alveolar bone structure during orthodontic tooth movement in adolescent and adult rats: A microcomputed tomography study

Abstract

Background: Increasing number of adults are willing to seek orthodontic treatment, but treatment duration for them is commonly longer. Although there have been studies on molecular biological changes during tooth movement, few have focused on microstructural changes in alveolar bone. Objective: This study aims to compare the microstructural changes in alveolar bone during orthodontic tooth movement in adolescent and adult rats. Methods: 25 6-week-old and 25 8-month-old male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were used to build orthodontic tooth-movement models. On Days 0, 1, 3, 7 and 14, the rats were sacrificed. Microcomputed tomography was used to evaluate tooth movement, alveolar crest height loss and microstructural parameters of alveolar bone (bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, trabecular separation and trabecular number). Results: Tooth movement in the adult group was slower than in the adolescent group. Alveolar bone crest height in adults was lower than it was in adolescents on Day 0. Under orthodontic force, the alveolar crest in both groups decreased and the degree of decrease are higher at early stage in adolescents. The microstructural parameters indicated that the alveolar bone was originally denser in the adult rats. With orthodontic force, it tended to be looser. Conclusions: Under orthodontic force, changes in alveolar bone differ between adolescent and adult rats. Tooth movements in adults are slower, and the decrease in alveolar bone density are more severe.