Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders and Their Association With Facial Biotype in Chilean Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) in children are often under-recognized, with prevalence estimates typically approaching 70% according to recent epidemiological studies. This range complicates interpretation and highlights the need for standardized diagnostic protocols. Facial biotype has been proposed as a potential risk factor, given reported links between craniofacial features and temporomandibular joint alterations, yet pediatric evidence remains limited. Aim: To determine the prevalence of TMD and its association with facial biotype in Chilean children aged 7–14 years, providing relevant data for early clinical intervention. Methods: A cross-sectional study evaluated TMD and facial biotypes in 83 participants aged 7–14. Axis I of the DC/TMD adapted for children identified TMD, incorporating recognized diagnostic criteria. Cephalometric analysis using Ricketts' VERT index determined each participant's facial biotype. Results: The study found a 27.71% TMD prevalence. A significant association was observed between the dolichofacial biotype and articular disorders, specifically disc displacement with reduction and arthralgia. These findings suggest a potential relationship between facial biotype and articular disorders in pediatric populations. Conclusion: Among Chilean children aged 7–14, TMD prevalence reached 27.71%. Furthermore, the dolichofacial biotype was linked to articular disorders, highlighting the value of recognizing facial patterns to facilitate early intervention.