Suicide risk in the digital age: exploring the associations of upward comparison and problematic social media use among Spanish youth

Abstract

Suicide is the third leading cause of death among individuals aged 15 to 29, with multifaceted risk factors including biological, psychological, social, cultural, and environmental elements. Recent research suggests that upward comparison and problematic social media use are linked to increased mental health issues. Conversely, emotion regulation has been identified as a potential protective factor, mitigating the negative effects of social media use and contributing to suicide prevention. This study, involving 256 adolescents and young adults (66% female; Mage = 19.25, SD = 3.23), examined the impact of upward comparison and problematic social media use on suicide risk, as well as the protective role of emotion regulation. Using a cross-sectional design, participants completed an online questionnaire with validated scales. The results confirmed that upward comparison was significantly associated with higher levels of suicide risk, whereas emotion regulation was associated with lower suicide risk. These findings underscore the possible role of upward social comparison as a psychological process involved in the development of suicide risk during adolescence and young adulthood. Implementing psychoeducational and digital literacy programs targeted at young people is paramount to mitigate the harmful effects of social media content and usage patterns, and to promote healthy emotional regulation strategies.