Hepatocellular carcinoma: Review of the literature

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary liver malignancy. Risk factors as viral infection, obesity, excessive alcohol use, and tobacco use are associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatocellular carcinoma presentation ranges from asymptomatic to upper abdominal pain along with lethargy, weight loss, nausea, and anorexia. Different staging systems has developed in the past to stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Many treatment approaches have been used for HCC including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, ablation therapy, surgery, and liver transplantation.