Distribution, discharge and regional characteristics of springs in Poland

Abstract

A summary of the current body of knowledge on springs in Poland is presented. The paper relates the location of springs to geological structure, spring discharge, use of particular springs as well as threats associated with local groundwater nitrate pollution. Other key points include the uneven distribution of springs across Poland as well as varying levels of understanding of springs in northern Poland and in certain mountain ranges. The paper ends with a recommendation to monitor more springs over longer periods of time with respect to discharge and water quality.