A case report of an ischaemic stroke, caused by a primary cardiac intimal sarcoma

Abstract

Background: Intimal sarcomas are an extremely rare type of primary cardiac malignancy. They most commonly present with symptoms of cardiac dysfunction. We present a case of intimal sarcoma identified without any cardiac signs or symptoms. Cardiac sarcomas historically carry a very poor prognosis. Presentation: A 57-year-old man presented with a sudden onset of left limb weakness and disorientation. MRI brain identified an acute ischaemic stroke in the right anterior temporal lobe. Four months later, he presented again with transient left arm weakness. The patient had a normal cardiovascular examination and ECG. All other initial investigations for cryptogenic stroke were non-contributory. The patient did not initially get an echocardiogram. When this investigation was performed, after his second presentation, a large pedunculated mass was present in his left atrium. This was resected and identified histologically as a primary intimal sarcoma of his left atrium. The patient was treated with post-operative radiotherapy but declined chemotherapy. He recovered well post-operatively but subsequently passed away 14 months after diagnosis. Conclusions: It is possible for primary cardiac malignancies to present with only symptoms of systemic emboli. For this reason, echocardiography is a crucial investigation in cases of cryptogenic stroke. Some stroke guidelines do not definitively support routine echocardiography. Primary intimal cardiac sarcoma is a very rare condition with a poor prognosis. The literature is limited to case reports and optimal management is with surgical resection where possible. The role of post operative radiotherapy and chemotherapy is uncertain.