Potentiation of nerve growth factor-induced elongation of neurites by gelsemiol and 9-hydroxysemperoside aglucone in PC12D cells

Abstract

In PC12D cells, nerve growth factor (NGF) increased the proportion of neurite-bearing cells and made neurites longer. A methanol extract of Verbena littoralis H. B. K. collected in Paraguay only slightly potentiated the proportion of PC12D cells with neurites but markedly increased the length of neurites in the presence of NGF (2 ng mL−1). The methanol extract was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water followed by further extraction of water fraction with n-butanol. The potentiating activity of NGF-action was observed in the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions. The n-butanol fraction was separated by silica gel chromatography, monitoring the NGF-potentiating activity to give gelsemiol and 9-hydroxysemperoside aglucone (9-OHSA). Neither compound (30–300 μM) exhibited neurite-inducing activity alone. Gelsemiol (100–300 μM) markedly enhanced an increase in the proportion of neurite-bearing cells and an extension of the neurite length in the presence of NGF (2 ng mL−1). Interestingly, in the presence of NGF (2 ng mL−1), 9-OHSA (100–300 μM) enhanced the elongation of neurites without affecting the increase in the proportion of cells with neurites. These results suggested that gelsemiol and 9-OHSA were major active components of V. littoralis in the NGF-potentiating action. It was possible that the mechanism of neurite elongation by NGF was different from that of the increase in the proportion of neurite-bearing cells, and that 9-OHSA selectively affected the neurite elongation mechanism.