Postoperative insulin resistance and the intestinal microbiota: mechanisms and research advances

Abstract

Postoperative insulin resistance (PIR) is a common metabolic complication that significantly affects patient recovery and long-term outcomes. Recent studies have revealed a robust association between the gut microbiota and PIR, underscoring the potential role of microbial communities in modulating insulin sensitivity. In this comprehensive review, we synthesize current literature on the interplay between PIR and the gut microbiota, delve into the underlying mechanisms linking the two, and provide an overview of recent research progress in this field. Evidence suggests that the gut microbiota may influence PIR through mechanisms involving metabolic endotoxins, short-chain fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, and other metabolites. Overall, the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of PIR. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis for developing PIR intervention strategies based on microbiome regulation.