Plant communities and synecology of bogs and heath pools in the Netherlands

Abstract

The position of the Dutch and NW German bogs within Europe is examined, noting geographical shifts in the ecology of bog species, regional types of flat bogs, and the nature of the western inland type. Plant communities associated with these peatlands are outlined, distinguishing between communities of the growing and stagnation phases, and noting the implications of succession. Particular attention is paid to the communities of the Dutch heath pools and spontaneous woodland development in heath pools and bogs. Vegetation is described in relation to water table and soil chemistry, and the importance of microclimate is shown. Various disturbances also have had an effect on the nature and dynamics of plant communities, especially fire, drainage, peat cutting, air pollution and eutrophication. Sphagnum papillosum has tended to be replaced by Sphagnum magellanicum in bogs, and Sphagnum apiculatum also seems to have spread. -P.J.Jarvis