State and Legal Regulation of Salt Production and Sale in the Russian Empire in the second half of the 18th – mid-19th centuries

Abstract

The article examines the development of the system of state and legal regulation of the salt industry from the late 18th to the mid-19th century. The key sources are the Salt Statutes of 1781 and 1818, as well as the Collection of Salt Statutes of 1857. Based on these documents, the salt industry management system is analyzed in the context of the administrative and economic policy of the Russian Empire. Using historical-genetic, comparative and systemic methods, the functions and structure of regulatory bodies at different stages are identified. Mechanisms for monitoring the extraction, transportation, accounting and sale of salt are described, the interaction between economic entities is studied. Regional differences in the organization of the salt industry are studied. The reasons for the reforms of the mid-19th century are analyzed, the transition from general to more detailed and differentiated regulation, taking into account the forms of ownership and local conditions, is noted. New administrative structures and control systems strengthened the influence of the state, expanding market elements. The effectiveness of management was ensured by a balance of centralization taking into account local specifics. The transition to the excise system and the abolition of the monopoly were due to the growth of domestic demand, territorial expansion and the desire of the treasury to reduce expenses. This study contributes to historical science by highlighting the legal methods of managing strategic resources and their role in shaping state fiscal policy.