Pregnancy Status at the Time of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination and Incidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection

Abstract

Background: Pregnant women are recommended to receive coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines; however, relative effectiveness of vaccination by pregnancy status is unclear. Methods: We compared the relative effectiveness of messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccines according to whether women received both doses while pregnant (n = 7412), 1 dose while pregnant (n = 3538), both doses while postpartum (n = 1856), or both doses while neither pregnant nor postpartum (n = 6687). We estimated risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection starting 14 days after the second dose using Cox regression, reporting hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Second, we examined relative effectiveness of a third (booster) dose while pregnant compared to outside pregnancy. The major circulating variant during the study period was the Delta variant. Results: Fifty-four percent of women received 2 doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine, 16% received 2 doses of the mRNA-1273 vaccine, while 30% received 1 dose of both vaccines. Compared to women who received both doses while neither pregnant nor postpartum, the adjusted HR for a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test was similar if the woman received both doses while pregnant (1.04 [95% CI,. 94-1.17]), 1 dose while pregnant and 1 dose before or after pregnancy (1.03 [95% CI,. 93-1.14]), or both doses while postpartum (0.99 [95% CI,. 92-1.07]). The findings were similar for BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech Comirnaty) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna Spikevax), and during Delta- and Omicron-dominant periods. We observed no differences in the relative effectiveness of the booster dose according to pregnancy status. Conclusions: We observed similar effectiveness of mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection among women regardless of pregnancy status at the time of vaccination.