Rural Development in Community Empowerment Through the Governance of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes)

Abstract

Sustainable national development is an important part of rural development that plays a role in empowering rural communities. In an effort to build Indonesia from villages, among others, village-owned enterprises are needed, which are supported by the legislation of Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning villages. It is hoped that BUMDes will be in favor of the community through the provision of socio-economic services. Meanwhile, BUMDes aims to seek profits by offering goods and services to the market. The existence of BUMDes is expected to increase the economic potential of the community through the principles of BUMDes governance. The principles of BUMDes governance are being cooperative, participatory, emancipatory, transparent, accountable, and sustainable. The objectives of this study are (1) to explore rural development in community empowerment through the governance of Village-Owned Enterprises in Mandau District, Bengkalis Regency. (2) To explain the factors that support and hinder rural development in the governance of Village-Owned Enterprises in Mandau District, Bengkalis Regency. The principle of BUMDes management in Mandau District, Bengkalis Regency, shows that cooperatively it has not been optimal in carrying out good cooperation in business development; participatorily, not all components seen in BUMDes have voluntarily provided support and contributed to the progress of BUMDes business; emancipatively, it can be seen that BUMDes managers lack female management members; in terms of transparency, there is still a lack of information disclosure and reporting submitted. Accountably, it is assessed that the resource capacity of BUMDes managers, lack of understanding of the role and vision and mission of BUMDes, in a sustainable way, has not been oriented towards the sustainability of BUMDes institutions and businesses. The factors supporting the principle of BUMDes management in Mandau District, Bengkalis Regency in poverty alleviation and village empowerment through BUMDes are very high. with an injection of BUMDes funds from villages, the Regency Budget, the Provincial Budget, and related ministries. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors are the slow return of the budget lent to the community and the lack of functioning facilities made to bring profits to BUMDes businesses, such as market rentals and pertashops that are less profitable.Pembangunan nasional yang berkelanjutan merupakan bagian penting dari pembangunan pedesaan yang berperan dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat desa. Dalam upaya membangun Indonesia dari desa, di antaranya dibutuhkan Badan Usaha Milik Desa yang didukung legislasi Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa. Lembaga sosial yang disebut BUMDes. Diharapkan keberpihakan BUMDes kepada masyarakat, melalui penyediaan pelayanan sosial ekonomi. Sedangkan BUMDes bertujuan mencari keuntungan dengan cara penawaran barang dan jasa ke pasar. Keberadaan BUMDes diharapkan dapat meningkatkan potensi perekonomian masyarakat melalui prinsip-prinsip tata kelola BUMDes. Prinsip tata kelola BUMDes dengan bersikap kooperatif, partisipatif, emansipatif, transparan, akuntabel dan berkesinambungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Untuk mengeksplorasi pembangunan pedesaan dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui tata kelola Badan Usaha Milik Desa di Kecamatan Mandau Kabupaten Bengkalis. (2) Untuk mengeksplanasi faktor yang mendukung dan menghambat pembangunan pedesaan dalam tata kelola Badan Usaha Milik Desa di Kecamatan Mandau Kabupaten Bengkalis. Prinsip pengelolaan BUMDes di Kecamatan Mandau Kabupaten Bengkalis menunjukkan secara kooperatif belum optimal dalam melakukan kerja sama yang baik dalam pengembangan usahanya, secara partisipatif belum semua komponen yang terlihat di dalam BUMDes secara sukarela memberikan dukungan dan kontribusi kemajuan usaha BUMDes, secara emansipatif terlihat pengelola BUMDes kurang adanya anggota pengelola perempuan, secara transparansi masih kurangnya keterbukaaan informasi dan pelaporan yang disampaikan. Secara akuntabel dinilai kapasitas sumber daya pengelola BUMDes kurangnya pemahaman tupoksi serta visi dan misi BUMDes, secara sustainable belum berorientasi terhadap keberlanjutan lembaga dan usaha BUMDes. Faktor-faktor pendukung prinsip pengelolaan BUMDes di Kecamatan Mandau Kabupaten Bengkalis dalam penanggulangan kemiskinan dan pemberdayaan desa melalui BUMDes sangat tinggi. dengan suntikan dana BUMDes berasal dari dan desa, APBD Kabupaten, APBD Provinsi dan kementerian terkait. Sedangkan faktor penghambat, yaitu lambatnya pengembalian anggaran yang dipinjamkan kepada masyarakat, kurang berfungsinya fasilitas yang dibuat untuk mendatangkan keuntungan kepada usaha BUMDes, seperti sewa pasar dan pertashop yang kurang memperoleh keuntungan.