Overview of Skin Cancer and Risk Factors

Abstract

Skin cancer is a complex and serious health condition with high metastatic abilities and comprises two types including melanoma, the most dangerous type, and non-melanoma skin cancer, such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Skin cancer has a high prevalence ratio and millions of mortalities worldwide. Multiple risk factors account for the initiation, development, progression, and metastasis of skin cancer such as ultraviolet radiations, X-rays, immunocompromised situations, skin lesions, and alteration in genetic makeup. CEP55, FOXM1b, and HELLS genes play critical roles in the progression of the cell cycle, cell proliferation, cell division, DNA replication, and repair system. The overexpression of these genes involves complex molecular mechanisms and is linked with the development and progression of multiple cancers including skin cancer. This review article summarized the history and recent advancement of risk factors for skin tumorigenesis development and progression.