Understanding Worship as the Realization of Human Essence in Ibn ‘Arabi’s Philosophical Sufism

Abstract

This article explores the meaning of worship in the perspective of Ibn ʿArabi’s philosophical Sufism, focusing on its role as a means for realizing the essence of the human being. In Islamic tradition, worship is generally understood as a set of ritual activities that affirm a servant’s obedience to God. Ibn ʿArabi, however, offers a more profound and philosophical approach, in which worship is seen as an ontological process that enables the human being to recognize their deepest identity as a creature reflecting the Divine names and attributes. This study employs a literature-based method, analyzing Ibn ʿArabi’s major works alongside interpretations offered by Sufi scholars. The findings show that, according to Ibn ʿArabi, worship serves as a path to unveiling the existential reality of the human being and actualizing their spiritual perfection as the insān kāmil. Thus, worship is not merely an outward practice but also a medium through which human consciousness becomes aligned with the source of its being. This understanding offers a significant contribution to renewing perspectives on worship within the context of contemporary spirituality.