Bringing Together Linked Coding and Realist Thematic Analysis: A Worked Example for Initial [Programme] Theory Development

Abstract

[Programme] theory development is a central component of any realist study. However, there are few published examples that demonstrate how combining established realist approaches can enhance the development and elicitation of [programme] theory in complex healthcare settings. This paper aims to contribute to the growing realist literature by presenting a step-by-step process used in a realist study focused on refugee mental health services in Canada. The paper introduces the intentional and systematic integration of two established realist analytical techniques, linked coding and realist thematic analysis. This combination can enable a more robust and transparent elicitation of [programme] theory by capitalising on the complementary strengths of each approach. A worked example illustrates five interconnected phases: preparation, linked coding, realist thematic analysis, abductive synergy, and initial [programme] theory development. At each stage, the strengths of both approaches were intentionally leveraged to advance causal explanation and theory refinement. The paper concludes with practical recommendations and future directions, emphasising the importance of making deliberate methodological choices when combining realist techniques. It also highlights the need for transparent documentation of [programme] theory elicitation to support rigour and reproducibility in realist research. By offering a replicable framework for methodological synthesis, this paper provides a contribution to the advancement of realist research practice.