Actitudes hacia la prevención de riesgos laborales en profesionales sanitarios en situaciones de alerta epidemiológica

Abstract

espanolObjetivos: Conocer la evidencia cientifica existente en relacion al comportamiento de los profesionales de la salud en situaciones de pandemia. Identificar puntos de mejora para el fortalecimiento de los profesionales sanitarios antes situaciones de pandemia. Objetivos secundarios: Identificar el impacto psicosocial, adopcion y adhesion a medidas preventivas y a programas de vacunacion. Metodos: Revision sistematica de la literatura cientifica recogida en las bases de datos MEDLINE (Pubmed), SCOPUS y Cochrane Library Plus hasta Diciembre de 2014. Los terminos mas utilizados como descriptores fueron: "Disease outbreaks", "Coronavirus, sars", "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome", "Influenza a virus, h1n2 subtype", "Health occupations", "Emergencies,Infectious disease transmission", "patient-to-professional", "Infectious disease transmission, professional-to-patient". Resultados: Se recuperaron 181 referencias que tras la eliminacion de duplicados y aplicacion de los criterios de inclusion y exclusion y analisis de calidad mediante los criterios STROBE, resulto una coleccion final de 17 articulos. El nivel de evidencia encontrado segun los Criterios Sign es tres ya que se trata en todos los casos de estudios transversales. Once autores hacen referencia a efectos psicosociales, 3 a la vacunacion y 12 a adhesion a medidas preventivas. En general las medidas preventivas en las dos pandemias fueron bien valoradas y seguidas por los profesionales. Se genera una importante carga de estres por el miedo a enfermarse, contagiar a sus familias y la elevada carga laboral. Baja adherencia a programas de vacunacion y a la utilizacion de literatura cientifica. Conclusiones: Seria recomendable mejorar la comunicacion sobre las medidas preventivas en periodos de pandemia para aumentar su adherencia asi como dar apoyo psicologico al personal sanitario. EnglishObjectives: To explore the scientific evidence regarding the behavior of health professionals in pandemic situations. Identify areas of improvement for the strengthening of health professionals before pandemic situations. Secondary Objectives: To identify the psychosocial impact, adoption and adherence to preventive measures and vaccination programs. Methods: Systematic review of the scientific literature collected in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus and Cochrane Library Plus data until December 2014.The terms used as descriptors were: "Disease Outbreaks", "Coronavirus, sars", "Severe acute Respiratory Syndrome", "Influenza virus, subtype H1N2", "Health occupations", "Emergencies, Infectious disease transmission", "patient-to-professional", "Infectious disease transmission, professional-to-patient". Results: 181 references after the elimination of duplicates and application of the criteria for inclusion and exclusion and analysis of quality using the STROBE criteria, was a final collection of 17 articles were retrieved.The level of evidence found according to Sign Criteria is three as it is in all cases of cross-sectional studies. 11 Authors refer to psychosocial effects, 3-vaccination and 12 to adherence to preventive measures. In general preventive measures in the two pandemics were well appreciated and followed by professionals. A significant burden of stress for fear of getting sick is generated; infect their families and high workload. Low adherence to vaccination programs and use of scientific literature. Conclusions: It would be advisable to improve communication about preventive measures in times of pandemic to increase adherence and psychological support to health workers.