Poly (Lactic Acid) Cellulose Biocomposite Films as Potential Antimicrobial Food Packaging Material

Abstract

Polylactic acid (PLA)-cellulose bio-composites were developed by incorporating Aloe vera (A. vera) leaf gel at ratios of 100/50 and 50/50. This study aimed to evaluate their physico-chemical, barrier, and antibacterial properties for potential application in sustainable food packaging. Different composite films were prepared and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical testing, water absorption, and Ultraviolet (UV) transmission measurements. Their antibacterial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus was assessed through agar diffusion and broth dilution assays. The presence of cellulose significantly affected the properties of the composite films. The 50/50 blend exhibited better chemical resistance and barrier properties compared to the 100/50 blend, highlighting the influence of cellulose content. Both ratios demonstrated promising antibacterial activity against all three target bacteria, while the 50/50 ratio showing pronounced inhibition against E. coli. These PLA-cellulose bio-composite films, with their combined UV-protective and antibacterial properties, present a sustainable and potential alternative to conventional food packaging materials, contributing to a reduced environmental pollution.