Electronic components and key algorithms for a prototype drone: Economic and sustainability advantages

Abstract

In recent years, the use of drones for cargo transport has experienced rapid development, driven by the need to reduce the environmental impact of traditional delivery systems and improve access to essential services, particularly in complex urban environments. In this study, we aimed to present the first experimental results for the development of a drone prototype characterized by low energy consumption and the integration of advanced technologies, with attention to the electronic components and embedded algorithms. The combination of cutting-edge technologies with such advanced algorithms enabled us to witness a reduction in the carbon footprint in terms of resource optimization, due especially to the neural network algorithms suitable for path analysis and obstacle detection, and the cutting-edge processor that enables us to manage and analyze the data derived from the different sensors. The design of this drone focuses on minimizing environmental impact through optimized energy resources by using high-efficiency components, including brushless DC motors and lithium polymer (LiPo) batteries integrated with perovskite photovoltaic cells that extend flight autonomy while reducing dependence on traditional energy sources. The drone’s body, made of lightweight and durable materials, improves aerodynamic efficiency without compromising structural strength. Advanced artificial intelligence algorithms optimize flight paths, prevent collisions, and adapt dynamically to environmental conditions. Thanks to computing platforms such as the NVIDIA Jetson Nano and equipped with advanced sensors like LiDAR, accelerometers, and gyroscopes, the drone processes data in real-time, enhancing its autonomous operation and ensuring precise and stable navigation. The proposed prototype represents a significant step toward a future where technology supports sustainability, providing innovative solutions for modern society’s needs aiming to reduce urban traffic and pollutant emissions, offering an efficient and ecofriendly solution for urban logistics.