Recovery strategies for EoL solar panels: sustainable and circular economy practices

Abstract

The rapid expansion of solar photovoltaic (PV) technology underscores the urgent need for sustainable End-of-Life (EoL) management to address resource scarcity and environmental concerns. As solar panel adoption grows, efficient and eco-friendly disposal methods are crucial. This study, aligned with SDG 7 and SDG 12, proposes an integrated recycling approach combining thermal, chemical, and green methods to maximize material recovery with minimal environmental impact. Thermal treatment delaminates panels, preserving silicon wafers and glass, followed by eco-friendly chemical processes to recover critical metals like silver and aluminum. By incorporating green solvents, this approach overcomes limitations of conventional methods, supporting circular economy principles while reducing waste. The recovered materials can be repurposed for manufacturing new solar panels or other high-value applications, enhancing resource efficiency. Additionally, this method offers cost-effective and scalable solutions for global solar panel waste management. Future research should focus on industrial scalability and economic feasibility to promote widespread adoption. Advancing such sustainable recycling strategies will strengthen solar energy’s role in environmental responsibility and long-term resource conservation.