Aquatic health indicators: Holistic evaluation tools for sustainable management of a tropical oxbow lake ecosystem

Abstract

Quantitative relationship of primary productivity and fish productivity and estimating aquatic health indices in tropical oxbow lake ecosystems remains to be addressed as predictors of fisheries yield in sustainable management. The aquatic health indicators and aquatic health status assessed with biological properties of phytoplankton, zooplankton, macroinvertebrates, macrophytes and fish in a semi-closed tropical oxbow lake ecosystem in the eastern India were studied along with socio-ecological and socio-economical aspects. Five ecological classes namely phytoplankton, zooplankton, macroinvertebrate, macrophyte and fish have been championed as effective biological indicators supported by physicochemical attributes. The established aquatic health indices registered the health status as moderate to poor. Organic loading and consequent nutrient enrichment and water quality deterioration during monsoon led to more homogeneous benthic biotic assemblage. With observed diverse nature of each trophic level of the ecosystem, there occurred a downstream ‘spillover’ of diversity along the food chain. The ‘structure affecting structure’ argument goes in tune with the theory of consumers controlling species diversity. Total 38 fish productivity regression equation models explained clearly that fish abundance and productivity were declining due to high anthropogenic activities of jute retting and indiscriminate uses of fishing gears of various mesh sizes during monsoon and thereafter, which need to be regulated.