Chemical profile of the volatiles of Baccharis salicifolia (Asteraceae) and interaction with Macrodactylus nigripes (Coleoptera:Melolonthidae)

Abstract

Plant products or substances mediate interactions among organisms from different trophic levels, including phytophagous insects. These interactions have been cited in a chemical-ecology context for species of Coleoptera Melolonthidae. However, there are no previous reports of these interactions among melolonthid beetles species distributed in Mexico and host plants. For the above, the interaction between adults of 'rose chafer' Macrodactylus nigripes Bates (Coleoptera:Melolonthidae) and 'seep willow' shrub Baccharis salicifolia (Ruíz and Pav.) Pers. (Asteraceae) was recorded and the leaves volatiles of seep willow that might be involved in the attraction of these insects were extracted and identified. The sequence of behavior patterns that conforms this interaction was described. Females of M. nigripes emerge from the soil and flight to the leaves of seep willow shrubs. Each female settled on leaf and they place their mandibles on the leaf margin and start moving them from right to left to obtain small leaf fragments to ingest. In addition, females exhibit a similar 'calling' behavior as well as the others species. Following the females, males emerge from the soil and repeat the females' behavior, approaching them for mating. A list of the leaves volatiles of seep willow was generated by solid phase microextraction (SPME) and coupled gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS), where the most abundant chemicals were α-pinene, trimethylindan and cyclohexylbenzene. These compounds have been previously reported in other plant species, including some species considered as host plants for Melolonthidae.