Comparative Analysis of Cellulose, Hemicellulose and Lignin on The Physical and Thermal Properties of Wood Sawdust for Bio-Composite Material Fillers

Abstract

This research compares the physical and thermal characteristics of three kinds of wood sawdust applied to bio-composites filler. Wood Sawdust of Sengon (softwood), Pine (softwood), and Teak (hardwood) have a crystalline structure (cellulose). The hydrochloric acid test found cellulose and other lignocellulosic content, such as hemicellulose and lignin. It contributed to the plant's strength. Adding a good filler in the polymer as a matrix with a high cellulose composition can increase the inter-mechanical bonding of bio-composites. Sengon sawdust has 48.98% cellulose content and contributes to the highest crystallinity index of 52.8%, calculated by the X-ray diffraction test. A high aspect ratio (L/D) on the bio-composite positively impacted the mechanical strength of bio-composite materials. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) can show the morphology and calculate the aspect ratio of wood sawdust. Aspect ratio of wood sawdust from high to low i.e. Sengon (5.8), Pine (3.9), and Teak (1.5), respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) test to detect the twelve absorbance frequencies of the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Thermal degradation of all wood sawdust has the same initial degradation temperature (Tonset) by 255℃ and maximum degradation temperature (Tmax2) by 300℃.