Analysis of Spatial Considerations in Norman Foster’s Architectural Design: A Case Study of Three Museums

Abstract

Architectural trends dictate the varying design characteristics of organizing horizontal plans, with spatial considerations perceived as the most influential factor. This research focused on these spatial considerations, which exhibit distinct features compared to other factors. A review of modernism and postmodernism trends revealed emergent factors that both influenced and were influenced by architectural thought during these periods. These factors were categorized into several aspects, including spatial, functional, and technical considerations-fundamental considerations encompassing numerous characteristics. The work of architect Norman Foster was examined, specifically his design characteristics relating to spatial considerations in the design of museums (Narbo Via, Da Tong, and Carre De Art). An analytical methodology was employed, utilizing AutoCAD and Depth Map software to measure variables and statistical software to analyze data, interpret results, and draw conclusions. Spatial considerations were analyzed at two levels: plans and the building shape, in both two and three-dimensional spaces. The research concluded that Foster's approach predominantly utilizes the layering characteristic (restricted to two layers) and deviates from centrality. These were identified as the most critical design characteristics of spatial considerations in organizing horizontal layouts at the two-dimensional level.