Orodental Care related to Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer

Abstract

Orodental care is mandatory in radiotherapy for head and neck cancer patients. Radiation therapy of malignant tumors of head and neck is associated with number of side effects, which can lead to acute and chronic oral complications. It is important to prevent and treat orofacial complications which require a multidisciplinary approach. All patients should undergo oral screening before radiotherapy for tumors of head and neck. Many oral conditions, such as poor oral hygiene, broken teeth, defective restorations and periodontal disease, are likely to precipitate complications during and after a course of radiation therapy and it is always better to deal with these problems before starting radiotherapy. The risk of osteoradionecrosis will be reduced to zero if there was a 21-day or greater interval between extraction and initiation of radiation therapy. Systematically applied oral hygiene protocols during radiotherapy may reduce the incidence, severity and duration of oral complications. It is well accepted that tooth extraction should be avoided even after many years of head and neck radiotherapy. If required it should be done by an experienced dental surgeon with proper prophylactic measures. The dental professional plays a relevant role in the prevention and healing or control of the oral complications. The relief of symptoms and the eradication of clinical manifestations largely improve patient quality of life.