Synthesis and characterization of porous biphasic calcium phosphate scaffold from different porogens for possible bone tissue engineering applications

Abstract

By using the wet precipitation method, Biphasic calcium phosphate granules were synthesized with Ca/P ratio1.52 and controlled porosity, pore size distribution, and granule size. Microporosity was then obtained by adjusting sintering temperature while macroporosity was prepared by adding 1:3 wt% ratio of two normally used porogens (naphthalene and sugar) and 2 newly introduced porogens (sago and lentil). Samples from each ratio were pressed into pellets and were fired at 500oC for 2 hours with 0.5°C/minute heating rate (for removal of porogens) and further sintered at 850°C for 2 hours with 5°C/minute before cooling down to room temperature. The granules were prepared by crushing and sieving BCP sintered pellets to get granules of sizes ranging from 250-500μm. X-rays diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), particle size and porosity analyses were employed in order to characterize the granules. A round to oval shape pores with 200-400 μm size were obtained and identical to the prepared porogens' particle size.This approach gives the desirable properties near to normal bone leading to a perfect osteogenesis for the purpose tissue engineering.