Quantitative, In Situ Visualization of Metal-Ion Dissolution and Transport Using1H Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Abstract

Quantitative mapping of metal ions freely diffusing in solution is important across a diverse range of disciplines and is particularly significant for dissolution processes in batteries, metal corrosion, and electroplating/polishing of manufactured components. However, most current techniques are invasive, requiring sample extraction, insertion of an electrode, application of an electric potential or the inclusion of a molecular sensor. Thus, there is a need for techniques to visualize the distribution of metal ions non-invasively, in situ, quantitatively, in three dimensions (3D) and in real time. Here we have used1H magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to make quantitative 3D maps showing evolution of the distribution of Cu2+ions, not directly visible by MRI, during the electrodissolution of copper, with high sensitivity and spatial resolution. The images are sensitive to the speciation of copper, the depletion of dissolved O2in the electrolyte and show the dissolution of Cu2+ions is not uniform across the anode.