Prevalence of Second Mesiobuccal Canals in Maxillary First Molars Detected Using Cone-beam Computed Tomography, Direct Occlusal Access, and Coronal Plane Grinding

Abstract

Introduction The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of the second mesiobuccal canal (MB2) in 100 maxillary first molars using 3 independent methods and a combination method. Methods One hundred extracted human maxillary first molars were collected. The teeth were mounted in the maxillary first molar extraction sockets of a human cadaver head. A cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) scan was taken of each tooth. Two radiology faculty independently evaluated the CBCT volume for the presence of an MB2 canal. Additionally, teeth were accessed. If a canal was not found, a preoperative CBCT scan was viewed followed by a second attempt to locate an MB2 canal. Lastly, the mesiobuccal root was dissected by grinding in a coronal plane. Results A review of CBCT volumes found the presence of an MB2 canal 69% of the time. Accessing the tooth led to an MB2 detection of 78%. When a CBCT scan was viewed, this brought the access detection rate up to 87%. Coronal plane root grinding had an MB2 canal detection rate of 92%. Differences between each method were statistically significant. Conclusions The results of this study show that an MB2 canal is present up to 92% of the time. Direct access of teeth found statistically significant more MB2 canals than viewing CBCT volumes alone (P = .032). Therefore, exposing every patient to a preoperative CBCT scan may not be appropriate. However, taking a CBCT scan when an MB2 canal is not found clinically can significantly increase the chances of finding an MB2 canal (P < .001).