Transpupillary laser photocoagulation of ocular fundus: History, the present, and the future

Abstract

The present review covers the use of chorioretinal photocoagulation, which is now a popular treatment for many diseases of the ocular fundus. The review includes a detailed 50-year history of the technology with account to both Russian and foreign achievements. The current state of the field is shown through Russian and foreign literature data. A particular emphasis is placed on subthreshold, pattern, and navigated techniques. Breakthrough solutions, such as optoacoustic monitoring, that ensure high precision of the procedure, maximum saving of tissues, and high therapeutic effectiveness are described.