Multifaceted Role of Construction Materials in Javanese Vernacular Houses

Abstract

Construction materials have multifaceted roles in traditional vernacular houses. This study explores them within the Javanese vernacular houses in the Saradan village in Wonogiri, Indonesia. It is guided by theoretical frameworks of Gibson's theory of affordances, Pallasmaa's multisensory architecture, Gestalt principles, and Howes' cultural perspectives. It thus investigates their properties, identifies and analyzes the materials used, and ascertains their impact on culture sensory experiences and sustainability. Data is collected through a comprehensive document survey using VOSviewer software, field observations, photographic documentation, and interviews with local inhabitants and craftsmen. The document survey identifies the thematic clusters relevant to vernacular architecture, while fieldwork provides detailed insights into the materials and construction techniques used in Saradan village. This mixed-method approach ensures a robust analysis of the multifaceted roles of the materials. The findings reveal that construction materials in Javanese vernacular houses serve several important functions: they provide structural integrity and functionality, uphold culture, enhance sensory experiences, and support sustainable practices,. Teak wood and mahogany are preferred for their durability and resistance, bamboo and clay roof tiles promote sustainability, and the tactile and visual qualities of materials enrich the sensory environment. Moreover, these materials contribute to cultural symbolism and environmental adaptation, demonstrating a deep connection between traditional practices and local conditions. This study highlights the importance of preserving traditional building techniques to maintain cultural identity and promote sustainable living.