Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Key Points in the Biological Activity, Chemical Synthesis and Biotransformation of Urolithin A

Abstract

Urolithin A (Uro-A) is a natural metabolite generated via the gut microbiota-mediated transformation of plant polyphenols. This review systematically summarizes the notable biological activities, preparation methods, metabolic characteristics, and prospects for product development and application of Uro-A. In the Conclusions and Perspectives section, it not only analyzes the technical and economic feasibility related to Uro-A, but also focuses on the critical analysis of its clinical research limitations, safety controversies, and industrial large-scale production challenges. Finally, specific suggestions and prospects are put forward for the future research directions of Uro-A. In summary, this review systematically organizes the current research progress on Uro-A, clearly identifies future development directions, and provides strong support for in-depth research in this field.