Applicability of Hf-Free 247LC as a Filler Metal for Hot Crack-Free 247LC Superalloy Welds Assisted by Varestraint Testing

Abstract

In this study, based on previous fundamental research on weldability, we ultimately aim to propose a filler metal that enables hot crack-free repair welding of 247LC superalloy while minimizing compositional modification. First, we investigated the liquation cracking susceptibility of two candidate filler metals, namely Hf-free and B-free 247LC superalloy welds, by individually removing Hf and B and performing a spot-Varestraint test. As a result, the liquation cracking temperature range (LCTR) of B-free 247LC was 370 K and 230 K for Hf-free 247LC. The results indicated a significant reduction in the liquation cracking temperature range (LCTR) to 230 K for the Hf-free alloy, from 620 K for the Hf-containing standard 247LC alloy. Direct microstructural analysis of the liquation cracking surfaces revealed a higher liquation initiation temperature at the γ/MC interface in the Hf-free alloy, ranging from 1460 to 1600 K, compared to that of the original 247LC alloy composition, which contributed to the reduced LCTR. These findings indicate that Hf-free 247LC superalloys offer enhanced weldability—particularly for manufacturing and repairing critical components of tools with high-temperature applications, such as gas-turbine blades. Finally, assuming the Hf-free 247LC alloy as a filler metal and the original 247LC alloy composition as a base metal, double square groove welding was performed. This clearly confirmed the possibility of hot crack-free welding with Hf-free 247LC filler metal, effectively suppressing both liquation and solidification cracking simultaneously.