Fostering empowerment: Transition from self-help groups to cooperatives in leprosy-affected communities in Nepal

Abstract

Introduction Although leprosy is curable, many affected individuals continue to face disability, stigma, and poverty. In Nepal, sustaining progress after elimination remains challenging, making community-based approaches such as self-care and self-help groups crucial for long-term health and social inclusion. This study investigates how self-help groups and cooperatives contribute to sustaining community-driven leprosy management efforts. Methods For this study only qualitative data are utilized which involves people affected by leprosy, single women, community stakeholders, and facilitators. Conventional content analysis was employed to examine the data, focusing on participants' experiences and perceptions. Results Self-help groups were instrumental in reducing social stigma and promoting social inclusion for marginalized individuals. These groups empowered members by building skills in hygiene, self-care, awareness of gender-based violence, and financial management, enabling them to assert their rights, manage finances, and contribute to household decisions, thereby fostering long-term socio-economic resilience. Transitioning to a cooperative model provided legal recognition and financial security, with leadership and trust being crucial for continued growth. Conclusions The transition to cooperatives offers a promising path for sustainable development, ensuring legal recognition and financial stability while reducing stigma and improving societal perceptions towards leprosy, disability, and marginalized communities.