Unified and Exact Framework for Variance-Based Uncertainty Relations

Abstract

We provide a unified and exact framework for the variance-based uncertainty relations. This unified framework not only recovers some well-known previous uncertainty relations, but also fixes the deficiencies of them. Utilizing the unified framework, we can construct the new uncertainty relations in both product and sum form for two and more incompatible observables with any tightness we require. Moreover, one can even construct uncertainty equalities to exactly express the uncertainty relation by the unified framework, and the framework is therefore exact in describing the uncertainty relation. Some applications have been provided to illustrate the importance of this unified and exact framework. Also, we show that the contradiction between uncertainty relation and non-Hermitian operator, i.e., most of uncertainty relations will be violated when applied to non-Hermitian operators, can be fixed by this unified and exact framework.