Psychometric validation of stress and compliance scale for Diabetes (SCSD) in Penang, Malaysia

Abstract

Purpose: To provide factorial analytical findings, and to construct validation and normative data for Malaysian diabetic patients in Penang. Method: A population-based survey was conducted in Penang, Malaysia during Nov 2012 to March 2013. Cluster random sampling technique was employed for the selection of participants in the community. A total of 1924 diabetic patients of age ≥ 18 years (mean age = 39.51 years) were approached; 992 of them were female and 932 male. LISREL 8.30 program was used for assenting factor analysis. Chi-square (χ 2)/df (degree of freedom) ratio, GFI (goodness of fit index), AGFI (adjusted goodness of fit index) and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) were used to evaluate the fit of the model (two-factor). Results: Barlett’s test of sphericity was 1603.417 (p < 0.001) while Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was 0.83. Varimax rotation was conducted with these two identified factors. Factor A integrated items 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 10, labeled as ‘Perceived Stress’ while Factor B contained items 4, 5, 7, 8 and labeled as ‘Perceived Compliance’. Item variance showed 45.73 % of accountability with Factor A and 13.43 % with Factor B. Mandatory factor analysis for the two-factor of Malaysian version of PSS yielded: GFIs χ 2 (39) = 127.846, p < 0.001, χ 2 /df= 4.1; GFI = 0.97; AGFI = 0.96; RMSEA = 0.06 and CFI = 0.99. Conclusion: SCSD-10 is a reliable tool for assessing stress and compliance among diabetics living in a society.