Effects of contingencies of self-worth and sensitivity to indebtedness on optimistic bias in seeking help for depression

Abstract

The occurrence of the optimistic bias in seeking help for depressive symptoms has been attributed to the threat-to-self and equity theories. The current study tested the hierarchical relationships between contingencies of self-worth (CSW), self-esteem (SE), sensitivity to indebtedness (SI), and optimistic bias in seeking formal/informal help for depression. An online questionnaire survey was conducted with Japanese university students (n=1000). Results from structural equation modeling analysis revealed the mediating effect of CSW on SE and optimistic bias. SI was positively related to optimistic bias in symptom recognition and informal help-seeking. The results suggest that both CSW and SI are responsible for the occurrence of optimistic bias in seeking help for depression. Cognitive patterns in recognizing personal and others' depressive symptoms and needs for seeking help were discussed.